Cultural Anthropology an Applied Perspective 10th Edition Chapter 3
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Chapter 3
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Chapter 3 Applied Anthropology (Ferraro, Gary. Cultural Anthropology. An Applied Perspective. 7th ed. (2008)
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What We Will Learn • How have cultural anthropologists applied their theories, methods, and insights to the solution of practical problems over the last century? • What special contributions can cultural anthropology make as an applied science? • How does applied anthropology differ from theoretical anthropology? • What specialized roles do applied anthropologists play?
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Applied Anthropology • Characterized by problem oriented research among the world's contemporary populations. • Attempt to apply anthropological data, concepts, and strategies to the solution of social, economic, and technological problems at home and abroad.
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Participant-observation • A fieldwork method in which the cultural anthropologist lives with the people under study and observes their everyday activities.
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Problem-oriented Research • A type of anthropological research designed to solve a particular societal problem rather than to test a theoretical proposition.
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Applied Cultural Anthropology • Applied cultural anthropologists study a wide variety of social settings, including this Chinese neighborhood in Toronto, Canada.
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Types of Applied Anthropology
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Types of Applied Anthropology
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Types of Applied Anthropology
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Types of Applied Anthropology
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Types of Applied Anthropology
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Types of Applied Anthropology
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Types of Applied Anthropology
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Participant-Observation • Direct field observation can lead to a fuller understanding of sociocultural realities than relying on secondary sources alone. • The rapport developed while conducting participant-observation research can be drawn upon in the implementation stage of the applied project.
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Participant-Observation • Participant-observation studies of homeless teenagers can lead to more realistic social programs to assist this misunderstood segment of the population.
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_____ involves direct field observation, a hallmark of twentieth century anthropology. • The holistic perspective • Cultural relativism • Topical expertise • Participant observation
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Answer: 4 • Participant observation involves direct field observation, a hallmark of twentieth century anthropology.
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Comparison of Theoretical and Applied Anthropology
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Comparison of Theoretical and Applied Anthropology
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Theoretical Anthropology • After WWII many anthropologists left government service and returned to colleges and universities. • This trend, which continued through the 1960s, accompanied a return to more theoretical concerns.
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Applied Anthropology • Sometimes applied anthropologists serve as expert witnesses in court cases involving cultural issues.
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Applied Anthropology • The understandings that emerge from applied anthropological studies of peasant farmers (such as these in Madagascar) can be helpful in agricultural development programs.
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Applied Anthropology • Applied anthropologists help medical personnel provide more efficient and culturally relevant services to people throughout the world. • Here a Western doctor is inoculating children in Truk, Micronesia.
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The Holistic Perspective • Forces us to look at human problems in their historical, economic, and cultural contexts. • Reminds us that the various parts of a socio-cultural system are interconnected and a change in one part of the system is likely to cause changes in other parts. • Encourages us to look at problems in terms of both the short run and the long run.
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Regional Expertise • Many anthropologists function as culture area specialists. • The cultural anthropologist who has conducted doctoral research in Zambia often returns to that country for subsequent field studies. • Long-term association with a cultural region provides a depth of geographic coverage that most policymakers lack.
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The Emic View • Whatever the setting of a particular project the applied anthropologist brings the perspective of the local people to the project. • By describing the emic view rather than their own technical/professional view, anthropologists can provide information that can seriously affect the outcome of programs of planned change.
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Cultural Relativism • The basic principle fosters tolerance. • Tolerance can help anthropologists cross class lines and relate to a wide range of people within the complex organization (such as a hospital or school system) in which they are working.
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Topical Expertise • Topical knowledge gleaned from studies in one part of the world is likely to have policy relevance in other parts of the world. • Cultural anthropologists who have studied pastoralism in East Africa have topical experience with and knowledge about pastoralism that can also be applied in the Middle East or Central Asia.
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Applied anthropologists bring the _____, or insider's view, to projects. • emic • monochronic • holistic • etic
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Answer: 1 • Applied anthropologists bring the emic, or insider's view, to projects.
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_____ tends to foster tolerance, which is particularly relevant for applied anthropologists working in complex organizations. • Cultural resources management • Regional expertise • Topical expertise • Cultural relativism
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Answer: 4 • Cultural relativism tends to foster tolerance, which is particularly relevant for applied anthropologists working in complex organizations.
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Specialized Rolesof Applied Anthropologists • Policy researcher: provides cultural data to policymakers to help them make informed decisions. • Evaluator: Uses research skills to determine if a program is successful. • Impact assessor: measures the effect of a project, program, or policy on the local community.
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Specialized Rolesof Applied Anthropologists • Planner: helps design programs and policies. • Research analyst: interprets research findings so policymakers, planners, and administrators can make culturally sensitive decisions. • Needs assessor: conducts research to determine if a program or project is necessary.
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Specialized Rolesof Applied Anthropologists • Trainer: teaches professionals working in cross-cultural situations about the culture of a population. • Advocate: actively supports a particular group of people. • Administrator/manager: assumes administrative responsibility for a project.
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Specialized Rolesof Applied Anthropologists • Expert witness: presents culturally relevant research as part of judicial proceedings. • Cultural broker: acts as a liaison between program personnel and local ethnic communities.
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Medical Anthropology • The program that employs these three HIV/AIDS counselors in Chennai, India, can profit from cultural data provided by medical anthropologists.
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Examples of Applied Anthropology • Penny Van Esterik's advocacy involvement in the Nestlé baby formula controversy. • Elizabeth Grobsmith's work with Native American prison inmates.
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Examples of Applied Anthropology • Richard Dembo's ethnographic research on teenage cocaine dealing in Florida. • Warren Hern's work with the Shipibo of the Peruvian Amazon, which had important policy implications for programs of population control.
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Industrial Anthropology • Industrial anthropologist Dr. Elizabeth Briody is a full-time employee of General Motors.
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Applied Anthropology and Business • Applied anthropologists can serve as consultants or cultural brokers to help business people better understand the cultures of their international business partners.
Cultural Anthropology an Applied Perspective 10th Edition Chapter 3
Source: https://www.slideserve.com/luthando/applied-anthropology-ferraro-gary-cultural-anthropology-an-applied-perspective-7th-ed-2008